International Justice in the Works of the Jurist B. E. Nolde (1876–1948): Between the Given and the Ideal of Law
Abstract
The paper attempts to contextualise the historical and legal reconstruction of the views of Boris Nolde (1876–1948), a prominent specialist in international and state law of the first half of the XX century. The paper analyses Nolde's scientific, governmental and socio-political activities, theoretical and legal statements of Russian legal scholars, specialists in various branches of law, including international law, of the turn of the XIX–XX centuries concerning positive law and the place in this discourse of Nolde's positivist methodological guidelines, as well as Russian liberalism as a political doctrine, whose representatives, following their colleagues from other countries of Europe and North America, advocated the approval of compulsory and permanent law. Consideration of these socio-cultural realities of the past allows us to interpret Nolde's political and legal ideas about international justice out of the ideological context of the period under consideration. This in turn makes it possible to resolve the problem of the correlation between realism in Nolde's views, dictated by the scientist's positivist methodological orientation, his rejection of preliminary theoretical generalisations when considering certain legal phenomena, and idealism, inherent in Nolde due to his progressive liberal views, which were expressed in his advocacy of constitutional and international legal ideals. Nolde's views on the international court are analysed on the broad material of the scholar's articles, which cover the time frame from 1908 to the mid-1920s. Addressing a wide range of readers in his texts, Nolde actively defends the necessity of establishing a compulsory and permanent international court, which would have jurisdiction over all disputes between states without exception. His writings are characterised by an appreciation of the possible future effect of resolving inter-state disputes through international justice, as well as addressing the pressing political problems that impede the institutionalisation of an international judicial body. Nolde's views on international justice cannot be labelled as an original and systematised concept, and his essays allow us to see him first and foremost as an enlightener.
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References
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